What Is Corrugated Board? Flute Profiles, ECT, and Why They Affect Case Performance

Introduction At a Glance Corrugated board is a composite of fluted paper (medium) glued between flat paper layers (linerboard). The flute height, wall construction, and moisture content all affect equipment performance. ECT (Edge Crush Test) is the key metric. It measures how much weight the board can support before crushing, which directly predicts stacking strength … Read more

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Packaging: What’s the Difference?

A case labeled "secondary", an aluminum can labeled "primary", and a stack of stretch-wrapped cases labeled "tertiary"

Introduction Primary, secondary, and tertiary are terms that define the three layers of packaging that a consumer product passes through, from the product itself to the shipping container that arrives at a distribution center. Understanding the distinctions clarify how end-of-line automation fits into the broader picture. Primary Packaging Primary packaging is the layer in direct … Read more

What Is ‘Throughput’ in End-of-Line Packaging?

Cases on a conveyor with orange gradient layered on top

Introduction Throughput is one of the most fundamental performance metrics in any packaging operation. It’s also one of the most frequently cited without being precisely defined. Here’s what it means in an end-of-line context and why it matters for equipment decisions. The Basic Definition Throughput is the rate at which your end-of-line system produces completed … Read more